John JUDGE (d. 1846) – 52 Ancestors (Ancestor 114)

Researched by Myrle Lea “Micki” DeFrance Jacobson (1951–2020), Elizabeth Wilson Ballard, and Christopher A. Mosher

Written by Elizabeth Wilson Ballard

NOTE: Surnames are in ALL CAPS, and introduced names are in boldface type.

This is a story of the life of John JUDGE as derived from decades of research performed by Micki Jacobson, a fellow descendant. I asked Micki if I could continue the research and then share the information on this blog, and she graciously agreed. I began this article in 2016. Micki passed away last year. She was a determined, thorough, and humble genealogist. I miss having her to bounce things off of. I just miss her in general.

Micki had solved the puzzle of the John JUDGE Ohio brick wall, and before she died, she was well on her way to solving the puzzle of his parentage. Before her original work, attempts at finding anything about him were difficult because it was as if he appeared in Ohio from out of nowhere.

Micki’s ancestor, Henry JUDGE, and my ancestor, Phebe (JUDGE) VAN DUYN, were siblings and both children of John JUDGE and Mary DRAKE. Micki and I were third cousins, twice removed. We never met or spoke on the phone. But we helped each other on our common goals of solving ancestral origins. I helped her a bit on a line unrelated to me, and she did the same for me.

So I tell this story with a combination of sadness and gratitude, with content from Micki’s research and mine, some of her words, and some of mine, and with much regret that I wasn’t able to get it published before she left us. I have found sources and cited them for ancestral facts, confirming and adding to what I received from Micki.

I hope I can do this story justice. Please come along.

Table of Contents

• Hans Reichter
• Military
• Marriage to Mary Drake
• The Mill Race
• Children
• Land
• Profession
• Religion
• Moving West
• Death of John Judge
• DNA Testing
  • Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
  • Y-DNA
  • Autosomal DNA
• Citations
  

Hans Reichter

Our ancestor John JUDGE was of German heritage, not Irish. It took Micki thirty years to gather all the facts. The surname spelled JUDGE is generally of English and Irish origin,¹ but not in this case. In German, the word “judge” translates to “richter” (also spelled “reichter”) and is pronounced “reester” (roll the first “r” kind of like a thick “l”),”² and “Hans” is a German equivalent of, or common name for, “John.”³

John JUDGE’s German name was Hans REICHTER.

The linchpin evidence that John JUDGE was also known as Hans REICHTER comes from N.N. Hill Jr.’s 1881 History of Licking County, O., regarding a grist mill that a Richard CONINE commissioned on his land in what was then Lima Township, quote:⁴

Richard Conine became a settler in 1821, and was one of the most important and influential among them. He caused a grist-mill, probably the first in the township, to be erected on his land. He engaged a man by the name of Hans Reichter, better known as John Judge, to dig the millrace, giving him, as compensation, one hundred acres of land, now worth one hundred dollars per acre.

In and of itself, that short quote wouldn’t be enough. But of course there’s more, as you will see.

(return to Table of Contents)

Military

John’s military service was in the War of 1812 before his marriage and children. We’ll see later in the article that John and family moved to Greensboro Township, Henry County, Indiana. The late Ulysses ‘Bud’ Bush kept a list of 1812 veterans for Henry County. Among those veterans listed as having lived within Greensboro Township is a John JUDGE with the notation that he was a member of the Pennsylvania Militia of 1812.⁵ Although John JUDGE was a War of 1812 veteran, Bush’s reported details are incorrect.

On 22 August 1855, a John JUDGE of Henry County, Indiana, applied for bounty land on behalf of two minor children of a John JUDGE, deceased, Henry and Mary. He stated in the application that John JUDGE, deceased, “was a private in the Company commanded by Captain Dilley in the Regiment of Ohio Militia” in the War of 1812. Information given includes that the senior John enlisted “at Dayton, Ohio, on or about the 18 day of April A.D. 1813 for the term of six months and continued in actual service in said war for the space of six months and was honerably [sic] discharged at Detroit on or about the 1st day of October in the year 1813.”⁶

Cover notecard from John Judge (Pvt., Capt. Dilley Ohio Militia, War of 1812), bounty land warrant application file 210899 (Act of 1855); Pension and Bounty Land Warrant Application Files, 1800–1960; Record Group 15: Records of the Department of Veterans Affairs; National Archives, Washington, D.C.
Click on image to open in a new window or tab.

In this document are also John JUDGE’s death date and location: 26 April 1846, Van Buren County, Iowa.⁷

The bounty land warrant application was rejected, reason given that no John JUDGE could be found on the rolls of Captain Dilley’s regiment.⁸ At that time, it appears that he was using the name of John RICHTER. On the transcribed and printed roster of the Ohio soldiers in the War of 1812, Capt. Andrew Dill’s Company, is a Private John Richtes (shown in the image, below).⁹ This is likely an incorrect transcription of the word “Richter” as it might have appeared when written in cursive. This evidence correlates with what is in the rejected bounty land warrant application — that John was in “Captain Dilley’s,” or Captain Andrew Dill’s, company.

There is a discrepancy with John’s service dates. The printed roster of Ohio soldiers of 1812 shows the Company served from 1 May 1812 until 1 May 1813 (see image).¹⁰ However, the bounty land warrant application from John, Jr. states that John JUDGE served from 18 April 1813 until 1 October 1813.¹¹

Adjutant General of Ohio, Roster of Ohio soldiers in the War of 1812 (Columbus, Ohio: Press of the Edward T. Miller Co., 1916), 134; digital images, Internet Archive (https://archive.org/details/rosterofohiosold01ohio/page/134/ : accessed 4 March 2021).
Click on image to open in a new window or tab.

I have an electronic copy of his combined service record from the NARA. It has six cards in it, three muster rolls and three pay rolls, showing service dates and payment information as a private in Capt. Andrew Dill’s Co. of Infantry, 1 Reg’t Ohio Volunteers. Dates are between 1 May 1812 and 1 May 1813. No personnel papers are included. The name on the envelope is John Richter. Additional names on the cards are John Reighter, John Ritcher, John Rechter, and John Reigter.¹²

(return to Table of Contents)

Marriage to Mary Drake

Before I had encountered and begun working with Micki, I had evidence of John’s wife’s name from my 3rd-great grandmother Phebe’s death certificate. John JUDGE is my 4th-great grandfather. The problem was that I couldn’t find a record of a marriage. Phebe JUDGE had been born in Ohio, and her death certificate gave her mother’s name as Mary DRAKE and father as John JUDGE. I found a marriage record from Ohio for a Mary DRAKE to a John REIGHTER, married by Benjamin Beem, J.P., on 25 June 1818 in Licking County, Ohio,¹³ but that made no sense, so I just filed it in my head and brushed it aside. Makes sense now! Micki had that, too, and combined with the information about the mill race, a name change for John was looking good. It was one of those AHA! moments.

“Ohio, County Marriages, 1789-2016,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:ZZ1Y-8CT2 : accessed 23 October 2022), John Reighter and Mary Drake, 25 June 1818; citing Licking, Ohio, United States, reference v1, p.73; county courthouses, Ohio; FHL microfilm 384300.
Click on image to open in a new window or tab.

Most marriage and probate records of Licking County, Ohio, were destroyed by a courthouse fire in 1875. The surviving marriage records covered the period 1808–1829, and missing marriages that could be found were transcribed from the records of ministers and others to replace those destroyed.¹⁴

(return to Table of Contents)

The Mill Race

Right now, I have little idea what the mill race that our ancestor constructed looked like, but I read of some in Ohio that were carved from sandstone. As a matter of fact, I was told by Phil Gurile, now deceased, of the West Licking Historical Society that there is remaining sandstone from the old mill race there.

I was going to go visit the area in 2019, get photos and detailed information, see things, try to figure things out, you know the drill of an exciting genealogy road trip. But things got in the way, so I postponed it until 2020, and we all know how and why plans went all to heck in 2020. Now, I plan to get there in May of this year before it gets too hot and after I get vaccinated.

Wikipedia has a description of mill race with photos. Basically, it’s a tightened and deepened straight (or mostly straight) man-made stream of water (canal, channel) that leads to a water mill. The head race takes the water to the mill. It is dammed up by several sluices (door-like things) along the way. Pressure builds up behind the sluices, and they are then opened in whatever amount or in whatever succession is needed to let the waters rush to the mill wheel at whatever speed is needed to grind the grain. The water then comes out the other end and is taken by the tail race either back to the source or to another body of water.¹⁵ How’s that for paraphrasing? I think I got it right. Wikimedia Commons has a video showing the workings of a water gristmill. If you are interested, here’s the link for the Wayside Inn Grist Mill inner workings.

Our information is that John built the mill race in Lima Township, Licking County, Ohio. Lima Township is no more but is instead the entire small city of Pataskala, merged with that township in 1996, with a population of about 15,000 today.¹⁶ Pataskala had been formed in 1851, by the same Richard CONINE, on the east line of the township.¹⁷ The JUDGE family, as we will see later, left the area 13–14 years before then, but John left an important mark on the town by digging the mill race.

When History of Licking County, O. was published in 1881, the grist mill at Pataskala was still in operation, although it no longer was powered by rushing water, but instead by steam. It also had an added sawmill.¹⁸ The next image is a cropping I made from an 1854 map of Licking County with the sawmill marked just southwest of Pataskala. You may have to zoom in to see it.¹⁹ This means a sawmill (or the sawmill) had been built by 1854. The Central Ohio Railroad had come through by then, shown on the map by the diagonal thicker black line. The National Road had been completed through this area as well, although it is not on this map because it ran in Etna Township, which bordered Lima Township to the south.

1854 map of Lima Township, Licking County, Ohio (with western portion of Harrison Township)
Extracted from Map of Licking County, Ohio (New York: P. O’Beirne, and Wm. Boell, 1854); digital image, Library of Congress (https://lccn.loc.gov/2012591114 : accessed 16 April 2021). Public domain.
Click on image to open in a new window or tab.

In Pataskala today, there are Race Street that runs for the most part north–south, and Mill Street running east–west. They intersect just north of Muddy Fork. South Fork Licking River runs north of there, flowing southeast, and the two waterways intersect, with Muddy Fork flowing southeast into South Fork Licking River. I’ve been told that the mill race was more or less where Race Street is now, and that there was a dam up where Willow Street is on the South Fork. The dam was the head of the race, and the mill was on what is now Mill Street. Here’s my Google Map.

Race Street only goes up as far as Depot Street, but you’ll have to open the map in a new window or tab to see that by clicking on the icon that looks like this: [   ]. I took the race down to Muddy Fork because it would seem likely that the tail race would lead to this very close body of water rather than running back a half mile up to where it came.

So that’s the gist of what I know about the grist. About the mill race, I mean. That’s a whole lotta digging. Over a half mile. How did he do it? What did he use? How long did it take? This was in 1822–1824.

(return to Table of Contents)

Children

The evidence supports that John and Mary were the parents of ten children.²⁰

1. Matilda²¹
   b. 10 May 1816,²² Knox County, Ohio;²³
   m. Thomas KELLER, 16 April 1837, Knox County, Ohio;²⁴
   d. 18 May 1843, Licking County, Ohio, at the age of 27 years, 8 days.²⁵
2. Caroline or Carolina²⁶
   b. 31 January 1819, Licking County, Ohio;²⁷
   m. James HUGHES, 9 February 1837, Knox County, Ohio;²⁸
   d. 5 April 1884, White Cloud Township, Mills County, Iowa, at the age of 65.²⁹
3. Sarah³⁰
   b. 7 January 1821, Ohio;³¹
   m. Lewis WINK, 15 February 1844, Henry County, Indiana;³²
   d. 12 November 1850, at the age of 29.³³
4. George W.³⁴
   b. 25 October 1822,³⁵ Ohio;³⁶
   m. 1st Catherine KOONS, 30 September 1847, Henry County, Indiana;³⁷
   married 2nd Mary Jane (SMALL) SHELTON, 27 June 1885, Henry County, Indiana;³⁸
   d. 20 December 1895, Mechanicsburg, Fall Creek Township, Henry County, Indiana, at the age of 73.^39,40
5. John⁴¹
   b. 23 September 1825, Knox County, Ohio;⁴²
   m. 1st Sarah Ann JONES, 23 September 1847, Henry County, Indiana;⁴³
   m. 2nd Nancy (HOGUE) MUTERSPAUGH, 16 June 1864, Henry County, Indiana;⁴⁴
   d. 6 September 1901, Wayne Township, Henry County, Indiana, at the age of 75.⁴⁵
6. Phebe⁴⁶
   b. 18 September 1828,⁴⁷ Ohio;⁴⁸
   m. Isaac VAN DUYN, 5 June 1845, Henry County, Indiana;⁴⁹
   d. 22 March 1922, Harrison Township, Henry County, Indiana, at the age of 93.⁵⁰
   Isaac and Phebe are my 3rd-great grandparents.
7. Eliza⁵¹
   b. 23 March 1830, Ohio;⁵²
   m. Isaac P. GRAY, 19 September 1850, Clark County, Missouri;⁵³
   d. 16 December 1912, at the age of 82.⁵⁴
8. Margaret⁵⁵
   b. 5 September 1832, Ohio;⁵⁶
   m. Philip COLLIER, 18 May 1854, Henry County, Indiana;⁵⁷
   d. 4 November 1928, Adams Township, Madison County, Indiana, at the age of 96.⁵⁸
9. Henry⁵⁹
   b. 18 June 1835, Ohio;⁶⁰
   m. Mary Magdalene DUNBAR,⁶¹ 1 May 1856, Henry County, Indiana;⁶²
   d. 24 March 1925, Marshalltown, Marion Township, Marshall County, Iowa, at the age of 89.⁶³
   Henry and Mary were Micki’s ancestors.
10. Mary⁶⁴
    b. February 1837 or 1838, Ohio (most likely) or Indiana;⁶⁵
    m. Lorenzo Rigger Dow DOBSON,⁶⁶ 29 June 1856, Tama County, Iowa;⁶⁷
    d. 19 December 1921, Fairfield, Teton County, Montana, at the age of 84.⁶⁸

The dates we have for Matilda’s and Caroline’s births and the marriage of John and Mary seem to indicate that Matilda was born a little over two years before they married, and that Mary was pregnant for Caroline at the time of their marriage. There are also some gap years — during active childbearing barring war or other events, children were often born 18 months to 2 years apart. There are three years between George and John, and between John and Phebe. This could mean they lost a pregnancy or a young child, which would not have been uncommon.

(return to Table of Contents)

Land

My friend and fellow genealogist Christopher A. Mosher helped significantly with analyzing, abstracting, and plotting the deeds to which John and Mary JUDGE were a party. I could not, and probably would not, have done this part without him. John and Mary and family lived in Ohio (as we’ve seen), Indiana, and Iowa. Micki did not, nor do I, have records for any land outside of Ohio, and I haven’t searched yet. I’ll publish this article with the Ohio records and follow up if I find more. One importance of the deeds is to confirm (or not) a compensation from Richard CONINE for the work on the mill race.

John was involved in several land transactions in Knox and Licking Counties. The first parcel we find is in Licking County when John JUDGE, of Licking County, Ohio, is deeded 100 acres from Richard and Sarah CONINE (spelled CARNINE in the deed) on 26 June 1822 for which he paid $300. This land was described as a part of the 4th quarter of the 1st township of the 15th range in the U.S. Military District Ohio,⁶⁹ then in Lima Township, now in a rural part of Pataskala. The dollar amount seems to imply that this was not the land with which he was paid for his work on the mill race. An abstract of this deed, along with approximate boundaries on a current map, is in Table A.

Table A: Licking County, Ohio, Deed Book I, Pages 98–100

County Book:Page Dates	Grantor Grantee		Description					Abbrev.
Licking I:98 Transacted: 26 June 1822 Recorded: 20 November 1822	Richard Carnine and Sarah, his wife of Licking TO John Judge of Licking		…tract or parcel of land…in the county of Licking…being part of the fourth quarter of the first Township, in the fifteenth Range, United States Military land, and bounded as follows (viz) Beginning at Post being the South West Corner of Ralph Vandoruns land in said quarter Township aforesaid, Thence South twenty five chains to a post, from which a beech six inches in diameter bears North ten links distant; Thence East forty chains to a Post, from which a Sugar tree 10 inches in diameter Bears S. 25° E. 8 links distant; Thence North twenty five chains to a post, from which an ash 12 inches in diameter bears S 45° E. 12 links distant; Thence West forty chains to the Beginning; containing one hundred acres be the Same more or less. Click on image to open in a new window or tab.					USMD Land Part of 4th Q TWP 1 RNG 15 100 acres $30070

The second parcel is also in Licking County with a transaction date of 22 March 1823, but it wasn’t recorded until 14 October 1829. The deed is a part of a court order where Sarah CONINE, widow and administratrix for the estate of her husband Jacob CONINE, was to carry out a contract entered into with John JUDGE by Jacob CONINE to grant John 100 acres in Licking County as described in Table B. Jacob CONINE and Richard CONINE were likely relatives, and both had wives named Sarah. John JUDGE had to pay only one dollar ($1) for this land which makes me lean toward thinking that this was the property given to him by Richard CONINE for the work performed on the mill race, and that it was done via Jacob CONINE. Jacob CONINE died in 1824. I don’t know that there is any way to find out, but perhaps he died before John had finished this work and this could explain why the contract was not finalized by him. Just my thoughts. The 1829 deed with court information is described in Table B.

Table B: Licking County, Ohio, Deed Book N, Pages 421–422

County Book:Page Dates	Grantor Grantee		Description					Abbrev.
Licking N:421 Promised: 22 March 1823 Ordered: 10 August 1829 Recorded: 14 October 1829	Sarah Conine (widow and administratrix for Jacob Conine estate) of Licking (Jacob Conine died 20 August 182471) TO John Judge of Licking		John Judge from Sarah Conine Deed This indenture made and Entered into this Tenth day of August in the year Of Our Lord One Thousand Eight Hundred and Twenty nine Between Sarah Conine Administratrix of the Estate of Jacob Conine deceased Of the County Of Licking and State Of Ohio Of the One part and John Judge Of the County and State aforesaid Of the Other part Witnesseth that Whereas the said Jacob Conine in his lifetime To wit on the 22nd day of March in the year of our lord One thousand Eight hundred and Twenty three Entered into a written contract with the said John Judge and thereby bound himself his heirs Administrators &c., to make to the said John Judge a Deed of Conveyance for the following tract of land lying in Said County Of Licking and State Of Ohio and being part Of the fourth quarter Of the 1st Township and fifteenth Range of the U.S. military land and bounded as follows to wit on the East by the land of the said John Judge on the south by lands Of John Evans Containing One hundred Acres agreeable to a survey made by James Holmes of the land aforesaid And Whereas also the said John Judge having made full payment for said tract of land And the said Jacob Conine on or about the Month of August AD 1824 departed this life without ever having Complied with his said Contract And the said (Contract) Sarah Conine was duly Appointed Administratrix of all and Singular the Estate of the said Jacob Conine And Whereas the Said Sarah Conine as Administratrix Of the said Jacob Conine by C W Searls her Attorney did presen [sic] to the Court of Common pleas at their June Term AD 1828 her petition Setting forth the premises and praying an Order of said Court Authorising and Empowering her to Carry into Effect and Compliete [sic] the said Contract And the said Court having inspected the same and it Appearing that the prayer Of the said Sarah was reasonable and ought to be granted It was thereupon Ordered that the said Sarah Conine be Appointed fully to Complete the Said Contract agreeable to the prayer of her Said Petition Thereupon Be it known that for and in Consideration of the above premises and in further Consideration of the sum Of One dollar to the said Sarah in hand paid the Receipt of all which she doth hereby Acknowledge have given granted bargained sold and Conveyed And by these doth give grant sell and Convey unto him the said John Judge and to his heirs and assignes [sic] forever all and singular the One hundred acres of land before described with Every of the appurtenaces [sic] to the same belonging or in any ways appertaining To Have and to hold the aforesaid granted and bargained premises with their Appurtenances unto the Said John Judge his hairs [sic] and assigns forever as good and perfect Estate in fee Simple And the said Sarah Conine as Administratrix as aforesaid doth hereby Covenant and agree to and with the said John Judge that she hath full power and authority to Convey the same and she in her Capacity as aforesaid Will warrant and forever defend the same to the said John Judge his heirs assigns forever. In Testimony whereof the said Sarah Conine Administratrix as aforesaid and Widow as aforesaid hath hereunto set her hand and seal this day & and [sic] year first above Written Sarah Conine {S} Signed sealed and delivered in presence Of John S. Conine John Drake The State of Ohio Licking County ss Personally appeared before me the subscriber an acting Justice of the peace in and for said County the above named Sarah Conine and Acknowledged the foregoing Of Conveyance to be her Voluntary act and Deed for the purposes Expressed and now doth Acknowledged [sic] the Signing and Sealing of the same Given under my hand and seal the 14th day of October 1829. Wm Buckland J P {S} Click on image to open in a new window or tab.					USMD Land Part of 4th Q TWP 1 RNG 15 100 acres $172

John’s third, and final, recorded purchase of land in Licking County was transacted on 7 October 1823 for 70 acres adjoining the parcels from Tables A and B. This land was purchased from Jacob CONINE and Sarah, his wife. Information on this transaction is shown in Table C.

Table C: Licking County, Ohio, Deed Book I, Pages 485–486

County Book:Page Dates	Grantor Grantee		Description					Abbrev.
Licking I:485 Transacted: 7 October 1823 Recorded: 8 March 1824	Jacob Conine and Sarah, his wife of Licking TO John Judge of Licking		…part and parcel of the fourth section in the first township of the fifteenth range United States Military tract and bounded as follows (viz) Begining at the southwest corner of a tract of one hundred acres land said John Judge bought of Richard Conine in said section township and range aforesaid Thence south one hundred and fifty perches to a post Thence east eight perches to a post Thence north one hundred fifty perches to a post Thence west eighty perches to the place of beginning containing seventy acres. Click on image to open in a new window or tab.					USMD Land Part of the 4th Section TWP 1 RNG 15 70 acres $20073

By 7 October 1823, John owned or was promised 270 acres in Licking County.

Land owned by or promised to John JUDGE in Lima Township, Licking County, Ohio, by 7 October 1823, 270 acres.
Click on image to open in a new window or tab.

On 14 May 1824, John JUDGE sold 175 acres of property in two transactions. The land represented in Tables A and C above was divided into two parcels of 150 acres to Samuel D. ALWARD and 25 acres to James LOCKARD. When Chris was reconciling the discrepancy, he found that the actual amount of measured land described in the deed of Table C was 75, not 70.

John paid $300 and $200 for each parcel, and sold them divided differently for $600 and $75, at a profit of $175. These two sales are shown in Table D.

Table D: Licking County, Ohio, Deed Book J, Pages 41–42 and 129–130

County Book:Page Dates	Grantor Grantee		Description					Abbrev.
Licking J:41 Transacted: 14 May 1824 Recorded: 3 November 1824	John Judge and Mary, his wife of Licking TO Samuel D. Alward of Licking		…being part of the fourth quarter of the first Township in the fifteenth Range United States Military land and bounded as follows (viz) Begining [sic] at a post being the south east corner of Ralph Vandorans land in said section aforesaid thence South two hundred perches to a post being James Lockards Northwest corner thence East with said Lockard Eighty perches to a post from which a sugartree 10 inches in diameter bears S 35° W 15 links distant thence North one hundred perches to a post thence East Eighty perches to a post from which a sugartree 10 inches in diameter bears S 25° E 8 links distant thence North one hundred perches to a post from which an ash 12 inches in diameter bears S 45° E 12 links distant thence west one hundred and sixty perches to the begining [sic] containing one hundred and fifty acres be the same more or less…					USMD Land Part of 4th Q TWP 1 RNG 15 150 acres $60074
Licking J:129 Transacted: 14 May 1824 Recorded: 15 January 1825	John Judge and Mary, his wife of Licking TO James Lockard of Licking		…being part and parcel of the fourth section in the first Township of the fifteenth Range United States Military land and Bounded as follows (viz) Begining [sic] at the southwest corner of a tract of one hundred and fifty acres of land this day the property of Samuel D Alward in section four as aforesaid Thence with said Alward south line East eighty perches to a post from which a sugartree 10 Inches in diameter Bears S 35° W. 15 links distant Thence south fifty perches to a post thence West eighty perches to a post thence North fifty perches to the place of begining [sic], containing Twenty five acres…						USMD Land Part of 4th Section TWP 1 RNG 15 25 acres $7575
Land purchased by John JUDGE in Licking County, Ohio, in deeds I:98 and I:485 (Tables A and B). Diagram by Christopher A. Mosher Click on image to open in a new window or tab.					Land sold by John JUDGE in Licking County, Ohio, in deeds J:41 and J:129 (this Table). Diagram by Christopher A. Mosher Click on image to open in a new window or tab.

On the same day of those two sales, 14 May 1824, John purchased 100 acres in Harrison Township, Knox County, Ohio, Lot 32 from Ezra H. ALWARD and Rosalinda ALWARD, his wife, for $300, and another 100 acres from Samuel D. ALWARD and Martha ALWARD (mother), Lot 33, also for $300. These purchases are shown in Table E.

Table E: Knox County, Ohio, Deed Book E, Pages 675–677

County Book:Page Dates	Grantor Grantee		Description					Abbrev.
Knox E:676 Transacted: 14 May 1824 Recorded: 21 June 1824	Ezra H. Alward and Roselynda/Rosalinda, his wife of Licking TO John Judge of Licking		…tract or parcel of land lying & being in the County of Knox and the State of Ohio, Estimated to Contain One hundred acres being Lot number thirty two in the first quarter of the Sixth Township in the Eleventh Range in the United States Military land.					USMD Land Lot 32 1st Quarter TWP 6 [Harrison Township] RNG 11 100 acres $30076
Knox E:675 Transacted: 14 May 1824 Recorded: 21 June 1824	Samuel D. Alward and Martha Alward (mother) of Licking TO John Judge of Licking		…all that tract or parcel of land lying and being in the county of Knox and state of Ohio estimated to Contain One hundred acres and being Lot Number thirty three in the first quarter of the Sixth Township in the Eleventh Range United States Military land.					USMD Land Lot 33 1st Quarter TWP 6 [Harrison Township] RNG 11 100 acres $30077
Lots 32 and 33, Harrison Township, Knox County, Ohio Click on image to open in a new window or tab.

Thus, by 14 May 1824, John JUDGE owned 100 acres Lot 32 and 100 acres Lot 33 both in Harrison Township, Knox County, and had been promised 100 acres by Jacob CONINE in Lima Township, Licking County, which it could be best to assume that he didn’t have possession of, especially since Jacob CONINE was still alive. Effectively, then, on 14 May 1824, John sold his land in Licking and purchased land in Knox.

About ten months later, on 7 March 1825, he sold his Harrison Township Lot 33 to Auther FAWCETT. In this deed, abstracted in Table F, John JUDGE is described as being of Howard Township, Knox County. Howard Township is on the north border of Harrison Township. We have found no record of a purchase in Howard Township, and this deed is the first record we have of him living in Knox County, with the exception of possibly in 1816 when Matilda was born there. We do not know in what county he lived when he enlisted for the War of 1812. Caroline was born in Licking County in 1819, for the next two children, Sarah and George, we only have birth locations as Ohio, but for John, Jr., we have a birth location of Knox County on 23 September 1825.

Table F: Knox County, Ohio, Deed Book F, Pages 290–291

County Book:Page Dates	Grantor Grantee		Description					Abbrev.
Knox F:290 Transacted: 7 March 1825 Recorded: 1 August 1825	John Judge and Mary (wife) of Howard Township, Knox County TO Auther Fawcett of Jackson Township, Knox		…that tract or parcel of land lying and being in the County of Knox and state of Ohio estimated to Contain one hundred acres and being Lot number thirty three in the first quarter of the Sixth Township in the Eleventh Range of the United States Military land…					USMD Land Lot 33 1st Quarter TWP 6 [Harrison Township] RNG 11 100 acres $35078

At this point, after the sale of Lot 33 on 7 March 1825, he still owned Lot 32 in Harrison Township, Knox County, but no other land that we know of, keeping in mind that he was promised the 100 acres in Licking County from the late Jacob CONINE.

John JUDGE made a purchase in Knox County on 22 October 1827 of 48 acres in South Bloomfield Township which is now a part of Morrow County. This was a quick buy and resale with a turnaround of exactly one month with no profit. In these two deeds, John and Mary are described as being of Harrison Township, Knox County, so the probability is high that they are living on Lot 32. See Table G for abstracted information on the deeds of the 48 acres in South Bloomfield Township.

Table G: Knox County, Ohio, Deed Book G, Pages 374–376

County Book:Page Dates	Grantor Grantee		Description					Abbrev.
Knox G:374 Transacted: 22 October 1827 Recorded: 21 June 1828	Benjamin Masters and Christeena (wife) of Harrison Township, Knox TO John Judge of Harrison Township, Knox		A certain peace [sic] or parcel of land lying and being in the County of Knox and State of Ohio and the South part of the South East Quarter of Section Twenty in Township Six and Range Fifteen to run the whole breadth of Quarter equal width and to contain Forty Eight Acres strict measure.					USMD Land S part of SE Q Section 20 TWP 6 [South Bloomfield] RNG 15 48 acres $10079
Knox G:375 Transacted: 22 November 1827 Recorded: 21 June 1828	John Judge and Mary (wife) of Harrison Township, Knox TO Nicholas Simons of Harrison Township, Knox		A certain peace [sic] or parcel of land lying and being in the County of Knox and State of Ohio and the South part of the South East Quarter of Section Twenty in Township Six and Range Fifteen to run the whole breadth of Quarter equal widths and to contain Forty Eight Acres strict measure.					USMD Land S part of SE Q Section 20 TWP 6 [South Bloomfield] RNG 15 48 acres $10080
South Bloomfield Township, 48 acres, Knox County G:374 Click on image to open in a new window or tab.

This next deed is a contract dated 16 October 1828 in which John Judge is securing a loan from John MOWRY with 20 acres of his land on the west side of Lot 32 in Harrison Township, Knox County. The term of the loan is to 25 December 1832 to be paid off with $120. However, if at anytime John JUDGE pays it off within four years, which would be 16 October 1832, the amount due is $170, incurring a $50 prepayment penalty.

Knox County, Ohio, “Deed Book G,” G:514–515, John Judge to John Mowry, mortgage, recorded 12 November 1828; *Family Search* (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS4V-TLVP : accessed 24 April 2021), “Deeds, v. G–H, 1827–1830,” FHL microfilm 314039, DGS 7897716, image 290 of 707.
Click on image to open in a new window or tab.

Recorded with this mortgage deed is a statement, “March 10th 1830 Geo. Wolf, purchaser of the above land, produced the Original Mortgage canceled and paid.” Chris is seeking more information about this property and mortgage, and we will cover it in a future article. See Table H.

Table H: Knox County, Ohio, Deed Book G, Pages 514–515

County Book:Page Dates	Grantor Grantee		Description					Abbrev.
Knox G:514 Transacted: 16 October 1828 Recorded: 12 November 1828	John Judge (and wife) of Knox TO John Mowry of Knox		“A certain tract or parcel of land situate in the County of Knox in the State of Ohio: it being part of Lot No. Thirty-two in the First Quarter of the Sixth Township and Eleventh Range of the United States Military Tract so called in the State of Ohio, it being bounded as follows to wit; Beginning at the North West corner of said Lot No. Thirty-two: Thence South to the South West corner of said Lot No. thirty-two, Thence East thirty two rods; Thence North to the line between said Lots No. Thirty-two & Lot No. Thirty-one Thence West thirty two rods to the place of begining [sic]. Estimated to contain Twenty Acres.” Condition: “…John Judge pay…to…John Mowry…the sum of One Hundred & Twenty Dollars on or before…[25 December 1832]…[which would then void the contract, meaning the land will not go to John Mowry]. “But it is expressly understood by the parties that the said John Judge shall have the right to make payment at any time in the term of four years to the amount of One Hundred & Seventy Dollars…” 10 March 1830: “Geo. Wolf, purchaser of the above land, produced the Original Mortgage canceled and paid”					Mortgage of the west 20 acres of Lot 3281

There was a chancery suit in Knox County in which John J. BRICE of Licking County was seeking remedy from John JUDGE for a purchase of land in Milford Township, Knox County. John JUDGE purchased this on a mortgage from John J. BRICE on 26 January 1829. It appears that the result was that he let the land go back to John J. BRICE.⁸²

The land appears to have been located as shown in the following map. Chris has quite a few details on this, and we will have more information on this property in a subsequent article.

John J. Brice to John Judge deed on mortgage, 190 acres, Milford Township, Knox County, Ohio
Click on image to open in a new window or tab.

John sold the south half of Lot 32 to Arther FOSSETT in the next deed. See Table I. It seems that at this time, he still had the west 20 acres of the entire Lot 32 mortgaged to John MOWRY.

Table I: Knox County, Ohio, Deed Book H, Pages 152–153

County Book:Page Dates	Grantor Grantee		Description					Abbrev.
Knox H:152 Transacted: 24 March 1829 Recorded: 16 September 1829	John Judge and Mary (wife) of Harrison Township, Knox TO Arther Fossett of Harrison Township, Knox		…beginning at the sourth [sic] east corner of said Lot No. thirty two, thence north seven rods to a stake, thence north 40°. West thirty and a half rods to a hickory tree, thence North 77 1/2°. West thirty rods to a stake, thence North 51°. West eighteen rods to a stake, thence north 41°. West twenty rods to a stake, thence west, due west eighty four rods, to a stake on the West line of said Lot from whence an oak two feet diameter bares North thirty five degrees East, distant six links, thence south sixty three rods to the south west corner, thence east one hundred and fifty nine rods, to the place of beginning estimated to contain fifty acres…					USMD Land Lot 32 (south part) 1st Quarter TWP 6 [Harrison Township] RNG 11 50 acres $20083

We can’t yet find a deed in which John JUDGE disposed of the north half of Lot 32.

At this point, we refer back to the land in Licking County promised to John JUDGE by Jacob CONINE which was granted to him in the court order of 10 August 1829 (see Table B). In probably April 1830, John sold this land to John DRAKE for $400, abstracted in Table J.

Table J: Licking County, Ohio, Deed Book N, Pages 422–423

County Book:Page Dates	Grantor Grantee		Description					Abbrev.
Licking N:422 Transacted: 1830 Wife affidavit: 13 April 1830 Recorded: no date	John Judge and Polly his wife of Licking TO John Drake of Licking		…bounded as follows To wit on the East by the lands of Samuel D Alward on the South by the lands of John Evans, Containing One hundred acres agreeable to a Survey made by James Holmes… of the land aforesaid it being the lot of land Conveyed by Deed by Sarah Conine Administratrix of Jacob Conine deceased to said John Judge…					USMD Land Part of 4th Q TWP 1 RNG 15 100 acres $40084

So, by Spring 1830 after the sale to John DRAKE, John JUDGE would have owned no real property if he had disposed of the north half of Lot 32.

Personal and real property tax records will play an important part in understanding the residences and means of John and Mary. The analysis of these will also be in a future article.

(return to Table of Contents)

Profession

We have found no evidence of a profession or trade for John JUDGE. Obviously, he was skilled and strong enough to dig a mill race. He bought and sold land in Ohio, and he had served in the military.

(return to Table of Contents)

Religion

One time, I asked Micki if she had any idea of the religion of John JUDGE and Mary (DRAKE) JUDGE. This was her response about Mary and the children:⁸⁵

Mary is buried in the churchyard of the Brethren, which is a German reformed church of Dunkards. My family was associated with the United Brethren when I was a child. Archibald Dunbar, [Mary’s] second husband, was associated with the Church of the Brethren, Dunkards in 1830 Indiana. In North Carolina, his family associated with a lot of Quakers and probably moved to Indiana with them. His brother married a Quaker. I haven’t found a slave owner in this line and I believe they were avid abolitionists which led them to migrate northwest.

Matilda, Mary’s dau, as you know we don’t know anything.

Henry, Mary’s son, is a Quaker in the 1895 Iowa census record but I think he also went to the Brethren Church. My grandparents and parents went to the Carlton Brethren Church.

Mary, [M]ary’s dau, was buried in the Garwin city cemetery but her services were held at the United Brethren Church.

Sarah Wink, [M]ary’s dau, is buried in a Pioneer Baptist Cem. in Knightstown, IN.

Eliza Gray, Mary’s dau, had her services held by a Baptist minister.

George, Mary’s son, was buried in the Collier Cem which was a Baptist Church. The ministers of the church were Colliers, so that is where Margaret, Mary’s dau, is buried as well since she was married to Philip Collier.

John Junior is buried in the city cemetery in Knightstown, IN. No information on religion. Only thing we have there is that one marriage took place in the Collier Baptist church by Margaret’s husband or father in law, I forget.

Phoebe, dau of Mary, buried in Baptist cemetery as you know.

Daughter Mary gave her religion as United Brethren in the 1915 Iowa state census,⁸⁶ and Eliza reported herself as Baptist in the 1895 Iowa state census.⁸⁷

Also in the email from Micki on the subject of religion was much information related to James HUGHES, husband of Caroline. He was a Universalist. No record has been found yet of Caroline’s religion, but in the 1895 Iowa census, James HUGHES, widower, gives his religion as Universalist as well as that of a few of his children who were still in the household.⁸⁸ Likely, Caroline had become one as well.

So, although we don’t yet know the religion of John JUDGE and the RICHTER families, we can place his wife and a couple of children as Brethren, one as Quaker, one as possibly Universalist, one Baptist, and those who stayed in Indiana possibly Baptist. Further investigation is needed because much can be found in religious records, and they have not been searched.

(return to Table of Contents)

Moving West

I knew part of the family had ended up in Indiana because of my Phebe, and Micki knew some had ended up in Iowa because of her Henry. She actually knew more because of her years of research. She had traced John himself, determining he went from Ohio to Indiana then to Iowa. John died in Iowa after which some members of the family went back to Indiana and stayed, some went back to Indiana and then went back to Iowa, and some had stayed in Iowa after John died.

John died in 1846, as I told you in the Military section. He had married in 1818. In theory, we should be able to find him as a head of household in the 1820, 1830, and 1840 U.S. Federal Censuses.

In the 1820 U.S. Census of Harrison Township, Licking County, Ohio, there is a John REASTER.⁸⁹ The census taker must have spelled the last name “Reaster” instead of “Reichter”, “Reighter”, or even “Richter,” based on how it was pronounced to him. John and Mary both made marks for their signatures on the deeds where they were grantors, so they likely didn’t know how to spell the surname but would have known how to pronounce it. According to the following information, “Reaster” would have been a fairly accurate spelling based on pronunciation:⁹⁰

Re: Original Spelling of Richter
By pearl hyles December 08, 1999 at 10:52:14
In reply to: Original Spelling of Richter
8/17/99

My grand mother pronounced the name (as in Reese) Reester, it is pronounced in Germany that way. and in German it means Judge. and It is spelled Richter.

If you go to the Wiktionary entry for the word “richter” to the German section, you should find a short recording of how it is pronounced in German.⁹¹ I’ll bet you’ve been pronouncing it in your head as “RIK-ter” this whole time, haven’t you? Yeah, me too.

The official enumeration date of the 1820 census was 7 August 1820, which was the date to which all census questions were to refer.⁹² On 7 August 1820, the following individuals should have been in the John JUDGE family:

• John, head of household, age uncertain
• Mary, his wife, age 27
• Matilda, daughter, age 4
• Caroline, daughter, age 18 months

The 1820 U.S. Federal Census, Licking Co., Ohio has John REASTER:⁹³

• 1 man 26–45 (John)
• 1 woman 16–26 (Mary would have been 27 on June 7)
• 2 girls under 10 years (Matilda, Caroline)

So that looks good. Right place. Right time. Right name. Right number of people. Check.

The 1830 U.S. Federal Census date was 1 June 1830. According to the 1830 census of Milford Township, Knox County, Ohio, John JUDGE was age 40–49 at that time, which would mean he was born 1781–1790. There are a total of 9 people in the family, no slaves, and no foreigners.⁹⁴

• 1 male age 40–49 (John, Sr.)
• 1 female age 30–39 (Mary, the mother)
• 2 females between 10–14 (Matilda and Caroline)
• 1 female between 5–9 (Sarah)
• 1 male between 5–9 (George)
• 1 male under age 5 (John, Jr.)
• 2 females under age 5 (Eliza and Phebe)

Again, right place, right time, right name (John JUDGE!), and right number of people in the correct proportions. Check!

To Indiana

According to a published biography of John JUDGE Jr., the JUDGE family moved from Knox County, Ohio, to Greensboro Township, Henry County, Indiana.⁹⁵

Caroline JUDGE, the second child and daughter, married 9 February 1837, Knox County, Ohio, to James HUGHES.⁹⁶ The HUGHES family did move to Henry County, Indiana, later that year,⁹⁷ and their first child was born November 1837 in Henry County.^98,99

The marriage of the oldest child and daughter, Matilda JUDGE, to Thomas KELLER, was in April 1837, Knox County, Ohio.¹⁰⁰ It seems unlikely that the parents would have moved before Matilda’s marriage and left her behind as a single young lady.

For youngest child Mary, the best source for her birth year and location (in my opinion) is the 1850 U.S. Federal Census where mother Mary is the head of household and informant. She reported that daughter Mary was age 12 and born in Ohio.¹⁰¹ Daughter Mary’s gravestone gives her birth year as 1838.¹⁰² The 1900 U.S. Federal Census gives Mary’s birth month as February, year 1837, age 63, location Ohio.¹⁰³ Combining evidence, she was probably born February 1838 in Ohio. I surmise, propose, conclude or whatever word you wish to use, that the JUDGE family, minus Matilda who was then married and Caroline who had left prior, left Ohio no earlier than Mary’s birth.

The JUDGE family is said to have moved to Greensboro Township, Henry County, Indiana, when John JUDGE, Jr., was about 14.¹⁰⁴ As we saw in the Children section, John, Jr., was born 23 September 1825, so this means to fit that narrative, the move should have been at any time from 23 September 1839 – 22 September 1840, potentially putting them in transit during the 1840 census.

From Ancestry’s “About 1840 United States Federal Census”:¹⁰⁵

The official enumeration day of the 1840 census was 1 June 1840. All questions asked were supposed to refer to that date. The count was due within nine months, but the due date was extended by law to allow completion within eighteen months.

We have not found an 1840 U.S. Federal Census record for John JUDGE’s family with any variation of his name. Given what we know up to this point, it seems the household should look something like this, with at least 10 free white persons, all children present except the two oldest:

If one were to exist, this (or similar) could be an 1840 U.S. Federal Census record for a John JUDGE household.
Click on image to open in a new window or tab.

Perhaps they were part of another household, were in another part of Ohio, or were in a state other than Ohio or Indiana. Perhaps there are other variations of his name of which we are unaware. Or, maybe they were in transit, as we saw could be the case.

I think it would have made sense for the JUDGE family to have made the bulk of their travel on The National Road. They could have taken it from Licking County, Ohio, to Greensboro Township, Henry County, Indiana. The southwest corner of Knox County is 24 miles directly north of The National Road, which runs through Licking County. They could have taken it west to somewhere around Dunreith in Henry County, Indiana, and then turned north until they arrived at their destination in Greensboro Township. The total distance is about 180 miles.

Map showing the route of the historic National Road — at its greatest completion in 1839. The original uploader was Citynoise at English Wikipedia (Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons: upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/National_road_map.png)
License: CC BY-SA 2.5.
Click on image to open in a new window or tab.

What made them decide to go to Henry County, Indiana? Likely because daughter Caroline and family were there. Did they travel alone or with other families? I don’t know, but John and Mary JUDGE did not stay in Indiana for long.

To Iowa

The families’ travels to Iowa, back to Indiana, and then to Iowa again are complicated and too much for this article. I am going to focus only on John’s move farther west.

We have not seen John JUDGE alive in official written records past the 1830 census. We can place mother Mary JUDGE in Lee County, Iowa, in the 1850 U.S. Federal Census as head of household Mary Judge, with Margaret age 18, Henry age 14, and Mary age 12 in the household.¹⁰⁶

A short biography of Lewis H. JUDGE, son of John, Jr., states that his grandfather, the father of John, Jr., moved to Iowa.¹⁰⁷

(return to Table of Contents)

Death of John Judge

John JUDGE drowned in the Des Moines River,¹⁰⁸ on 26 April 1846 in Van Buren County, Iowa.¹⁰⁹ That is literally all we know about his time in Iowa.

(return to Table of Contents)

DNA Testing

John and Mary had ten children, seven daughters and three sons. I’ve done some digging and determined that there should be living patrilineal descendants from each of the three sons, George, John, and Henry. There should be living matrilineal descendants from all daughters except probably Margaret and Mary, unless there are lines I can’t find. In total, there may be at least ten patrilineal and ninety matrilineal descendants alive today. I don’t mean all descendants. That number would be quite different if we knew it, and likely closer to several hundred or more.

Finding patrilineal and matrilineal descendants means we can test for the Y-DNA of JUDGE/RICHTER and the mtDNA of Mary DRAKE. Family Tree DNA is the company where the Y-DNA and mtDNA needs to be tested because of the detail and tools it provides. A son carries the Y-DNA of his father, his father’s father, his father’s father’s father, and so on, which would lead us all the way back to determining the Y-DNA of John JUDGE and matching it with others who carry that Y-DNA, including RICHTER lines in America and Europe.

A daughter or son carries the mtDNA of her or his mother, but a son cannot pass it on to his children. To determine the mtDNA of Mary (DRAKE) JUDGE, we want mtDNA tests performed on matrilineal descendants of her daughters. The living matrilineal descendants can be genetically male or female as long as their mother was a matrilineal descendant of one of Mary’s daughters.

(return to Table of Contents)

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)

I have listed deceased women who were matrilineal descendants of Mary (DRAKE) JUDGE and who may have living sons or daughters. I am sure some are left out because of lack of records or my inability to find them using resources at hand. If you are a son, daughter, or a full or maternal-side sister or brother of any of the following women, your mtDNA test could be of value in this. Additionally, if you are a direct female line granddaughter, great-granddaughter, etc., of one of these women, your mtDNA would be the same as theirs. Please contact me using the contact form on this site.

Matilda

Matilda (JUDGE) KELLER had one daughter, Margaret Ellen (KELLER) SMITH, who had one daughter, Eva (SMITH) HAPNER. Eva had two daughters, Esther Arlu (HAPNER) SUSEK who appears to have had only one child, a son Frank who died in 1987. Eva’s younger daughter, however, was Ruth E (HAPNER) DUMAS, listed here and who I’ve found with two daughters, one now deceased and listed below, and Ruth’s younger daughter is likely living so I have not listed her. Matrilineal grandchildren of Ruth also should be living. If you are a daughter or son, grandchild of a daughter, or full or half-maternal sibling of one of the women below, then you carry the valuable mtDNA of Matilda (JUDGE) KELLER, first-born. If you have taken any DNA test or would be willing to discuss doing so, please contact me using the contact form on this site.

• Ruth E (HAPNER) DUMAS (1901–1990), Indiana and Michigan
• Lorna Jean (DUMAS) HOWE (1934–2020), Michigan

Caroline

Caroline (JUDGE) HUGHES had a mess of kids (13), with seven daughters, four of whom had daughters of their own. There are a whole lot of matrilineal descendants of Caroline. Listed below are deceased female matrilineal descendants of Caroline who likely have matrilineal descendants living today. If you are a daughter or son, grandchild of a daughter, or full or half-maternal sibling of one of the women below, please contact me using the contact form on this site.

• Barbara Mae (RAGLAND) RUNDBACK (1931–2015), Nebraska
• Phylis (LONG) BOX JOHNSON (1928–2020), Nebraska
• Helen E (GATZMEYER) CUMMINS (1932–2007), Nebraska and South Dakota
• Stella Katherine (GATZMEYER) ALLISON (1939–2006), Nebraska and Missouri
• Geneva Alice (DOUTHIT) VAN CLEAVE (1915–1983), Nebraska
• Hazel Lela (BOOTH) HALLOWELL (1921–2005), Nebraska
• Lena Ann (FERGUSON) JEWELL (1884–1980), Nebraska and Minnesota
• Ethel May (JEWELL) OLDS (1909–1996), Kansas and Minnesota
• Emma Lavina (JEWELL) DENNISON (1915–2008), Kansas and Minnesota
• Eileen Marie (BODLE) WAHL (1960–2005), Minnesota
• Mabel Louise (SELLS) ARTHUR (1906–2007), Kansas and Nebraska
• Viola Pearl (SELLS) MATTOX (1910–1964), Nebraska
• Ruby L (MATTOX) PLAMBECK (1927–2017), Nebraska
• Mabel Beatrice (MATTOX) ELLINGSON (1930–2011), Nebraska
• Gladys (WITH) BRIE (1903–1996), Nebraska and Oklahoma
• Louella WEST (b. 1894), Iowa
• Hannah E (WEST) THILL (1899–1989), Iowa and Colorado
• Elizabeth Katherine (THILL) NORRIS (1929–2003), Nebraska
• Bessie May (WANAMAKER) SHAFFER (1890–1971), Iowa, Maryland, and California
• Cora Belle (DOLPH) LEWIS (1885–1966), Iowa, Nebraska, and California
• Fannie Elizabeth (LEWIS) TRUSSEL MINATRE (1907–1992), Nebraska and California
• Sarah Mae (LEWIS) EDWARDS HEARN (1908–1992), Nebraska and California
• Grace (WHITE) PRICE (1905–1933), Missouri
• Gertrude (WHITE) THOMAS (1910–1987), Missouri, Idaho, and California
• Renata Vivian (WEYTHMAN) SCHNEIDER (1939–2003), Kansas and Iowa
• Wichenda M (KENNEDY) GABRIEL (1908–1996), Missouri
• Margaret Jerine “Peggy” (GABRIEL) BULLER COLBOCH (1937–2000), Missouri
• Eliza Jane (GOLDSBERRY) LOTTMAN (1915–1995), Kansas and Nebraska
• Maude Charlotte (DAUGHERTY) MALONE (1886–1975), Missouri
• Nina Eliza (MALONE) MCVEY (1904–1954), Missouri
• Charlotte Sue (MCVEY) JUSTUS (1934–2016), Missouri and Nebraska
• Virginia (MALONE) HARMON (1908–1963), Missouri
• Temple Charlotte (MALONE) GARRETT (1916–1997), Missouri
• Lulu Lavina (COOK) NASH DICKINSON (1886–1972), Nebraska, Missouri, and Utah
• Zola Ramona (NEW) MARSTON (1913–2004), Nebraska and Utah
• Drauca Josephine (MARSTON) HOLMES (1932–2006), Utah

Sarah

SARAH (JUDGE) WINK had three daughters before her early death in 1850 at age 29. Her husband Lewis C. WINK died not much later in 1854. Their daughters were Mary, Hannah, and Elizabeth Jane. Mary WINK died at five years old in 1850, two days after the death of her mother Sarah. Hannah and Elizabeth Jane survived to adulthood, married, and had children of their own, both coincidentally dying within one week of each other in October 1933.

Hannah WINK married William JOHNSON who was a grandson of Strangeman JOHNSON and probably Mary (WHITAKER) JOHNSON, and Anderson JOHNSON and Sarah (BROOKS) JOHNSON. Hannah (WINK) JOHNSON’s descendants are super multiply related to me. The couple had three children, including two daughters Sarah Jane JOHNSON and Hattie L.E. JOHNSON. They each married and had children, including two daughters each. There are likely living matrilineal descendants of Hannah (WINK) JOHNSON.

Elizabeth Jane WINK married George W. HUNT and it appears they had eleven children. I have found a record of four daughters, Mary Alice (HUNT) LARMORE who had four sons and no daughters, Sarah Adline (HUNT) WISEHART, Hannah Pamela (HUNT) JOHNS COLLIER who I think had no children, and Eva Rachel (HUNT) WILLS. Sarah Adline had three daughters, and Eva Rachel had one. There are likely living matrilineal descendants of Elizabeth Jane (WINK) HUNT.

Listed below are deceased female matrilineal descendants of Sarah (JUDGE) WINK who likely have matrilineal descendants living today. If you are a daughter or son, grandchild of a daughter, or full or half-maternal sibling of one of the women below, please contact me using the contact form on this site.

• Bessie (WARRICK) NILES (1892–1977), Indiana
• Florence Louella (LIGGETT) COCHERAN (1902–1950), Indiana
• Joyce Marie (DEER) TOLAN (1942–1996), Indiana
• Julia Faye (RAILSBACK) ROZZELL KAUFMAN (1926–2007), Indiana
• Nina Lee (RAILSBACK) BARNARD (1930–2010), Indiana
• Elizabeth Roena (WILLS) STROUP (1914–1999), Indiana
• Janice Maxine (STROUP) ROLLINS (1935–2014), Indiana
• Eva Marie (STROUP) LEAVITT (1943–2006), Indiana

Phebe

Phebe (JUDGE) VAN DUYN was my 3rd-great grandmother, but I do not carry her mtDNA. My mother’s mother’s father’s father’s mother was Phebe. Those fathers in there break the mtDNA line.

Phebe JUDGE married Isaac VAN DUYN, and they had twelve children, including seven daughters. There are some matrilineal descendants whose offspring (or non-offspring) I cannot track down, so I will list them lest I miss them. If you are a daughter or son, grandchild of a daughter, or full or half-maternal sibling of one of the women below, please contact me using the contact form on this site.

• Inez J (JONES) BROOKSHIRE (1896–1995), Indiana
• Meriam Catherine (ELLIOTT) POFFENBARGER (1912–1970), Indiana
• Viera (CHAMBERLAIN) MANN (1906–2005), Indiana and Maryland
• Valetta Victoria (CHAMBERLAIN) GROSS (1908–1989), Indiana and Maryland
• Nellie Catherine (CRONK) YOUNGS (1890–1981), Indiana
• Berthanna (ENRIGHT) ORDERS FRANCIS (1879–1965), Indiana and California
• Glendora Jane (HAHN) MCCLAIN (1919–1981), Indiana
• Bertha LaVaughn (DUNN) HARRIS (1913–1995), Tennessee and Indiana
• Ramona LaVaughn (HARRIS) PAYNE (1936–1999), Indiana
• Kathleen Kay (HARRIS) STEELE (1942–2016), Indiana
• Trulla Mae (DUNN) MACKEY (1915–1985), Indiana
• Naomi Elizabeth (DUNN) SASHER (1919–1999), Tennessee and Indiana
• Virginia Marie (DUNN) BYRD NICHOLS (1924–1997), Indiana
• Dorothy Jane (DUNN) BAKER BOWEN (1930–2016), Indiana
• Bonnie (DUNN) QUESENBERRY (1933–1976), Indiana
• Betty Darlene (DUNN) LEWIS TRIPOLI BINDER (1934–2010), Indiana
• Sarah Guinevere (HINSHAW) CLY (1918–1996), Indiana
• Susan Kaye (CLY) HOLLANDER KENDALL (1943–2002), Indiana
• Enid Lucille (WEST) DUDLEY (1908–1986), Indiana

Eliza

Eliza (JUDGE) GRAY and husband Isaac Price GRAY had a total of nine children I’ve found, with three daughters, two who lived to adulthood, but each of them only had one daughter who in turn had only one daughter. Eliza’s mtDNA is rare. If you are a daughter or son, grandchild of a daughter, or full or half-maternal sibling of one of the women below, please contact me using the contact form on this site.

• Marjorie Louise (REYNOLDS) DINGWERTH (1915–2002), Missouri
• Margaret (DRYDEN) TERRELL (1915–1997), Kansas

Margaret

Margaret (JUDGE) COLLIER and husband Philip Alton COLLIER had eight sons and one daughter named Mary Ella (COLLIER) NOLAND. Mary Ella (COLLIER) NOLAND had six children including two daughters, Grace (NOLAND) MORRIS and Alta Gladys (NOLAND) ROBBINS. For Grace (NOLAND) MORRIS, I’ve found just one infant who died in 1907, and then Grace herself died in 1910. For Alta Gladys (NOLAND) ROBBINS, I’ve found only one child, a son James Lewis ROBBINS who grew to adulthood and died in 2016. Unless he had siblings who are still living, or a sister or sisters with living children, I think (but hope not) that Margaret’s mtDNA died with him.

If you are a descendant of Margaret, especially if you think you may carry her mtDNA, please contact me using the contact form on this site.

Mary

Mary (JUDGE) DOBSON was the youngest child of John and Mary. She and her husband Lorenzo R DOBSON had seven children, and two of them were daughters who lived to adulthood. Mary Elizabeth (DOBSON) FRENCH died in her mid-50s, and I can find no record of any offspring. Clara Ellen (DOBSON) CALDWELL and her husband had four children, including three daughters. I honestly don’t know if there are any living matrilineal descendants of Mary. Here are women who were descendants of Clara Ellen and carried Mary’s mtDNA who are now deceased.

If you are a daughter or son, grandchild of a daughter, or full or half-maternal sibling of one of the women below, please contact me using the contact form on this site.

• Mae LaBelle (RICHARDS) STOWELL (1908–1973), South Dakota, Michigan, and Florida
• Evelyne Claire (RICHARDS) HOFFMAN (1910–2004), South Dakota, Michigan, and Florida
• Maurine M (CALDWELL) VANDERHOOF (1891–1982), Iowa, South Dakota, Wyoming, Montana, and District of Columbia
• Florence Marylyn (GURNEY) NARDUCCI SHEPHERD (1915–1980), South Dakota, Montana, and California
• Beverly Romona (GURNEY) HAMMOND SKUGRUD (1919–1998), Montana and California

(return to Table of Contents)

Y-DNA

I’ve listed deceased men who were patrilineal descendants of John JUDGE and who may have living sons or grandsons. I could have left some out because of lack of records. If you are a son, direct male descendant, or full or paternal-side brother of any of the following men, your Y-DNA test could be of value in this. Please contact me using the contact form on this site.

George

• James Calvin JUDGE (1923–2005), Indiana

John, Jr.

• Jack Edward JUDGE (1928–2004), Indiana

Henry

• Lewis Raymond JUDGE (1909–2003), Iowa
• George Harold Ellsworth JUDGE (1899–1994), Iowa
• Wayne Edward JUDGE Sr (1935–2015), Iowa

Additionally, if you are chromosomally male and your surname is RICHTER, REICHTER, RECTOR, REIGHTER, or various spellings, and you inherited that surname from your biological father, and your Y-DNA matches the Y-DNA of patrilineal descendants of John JUDGE, then we are of the same family. Please contact me using the contact form on this site.

(return to Table of Contents)

Autosomal DNA

If you are, or think you are, a descendant of John JUDGE and Mary (DRAKE) JUDGE, a RICHTER (or various spellings) descendant, or have ancestors with the surname of DRAKE, an autosomal DNA test can help in the research as well. If you’ve already taken a DNA test or plan to do so, please contact me using the contact form on this site.

(return to Table of Contents)

---

Citations

---

1. Name Origin Research, The Internet Surname Database (https://www.surnamedb.com/Surname/Judge : accessed 2 March 2021), “Judge.” Archive url. “This unusual name is both English and Irish, although the origins are quite different.” ↩
2. Wiktionary, The Free Dictionary (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Richter#German : accessed 2 March 2021), “Richter,” rev. 05:06 UTC, 1 February 2021. ↩
3. Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_(given_name) : accessed 2 March 2021), “John (given_name),” rev. 12:50 UTC, 29 October 2017. See also behindthename.com (Archive url), the source of the Wikipedia information. ↩
4. N.N. Hill Jr., History of Licking County, O., Its Past and Present, Containing a Condensed, Comprehensive History of Ohio, Including an Outline History of the Northwest; a Complete History of Licking County; Its Townships, Cities, Towns, Villages, Schools, Churches, Societies, Industries, Statistics, etc.; a History of Its Soldiers in the Late War; Portraits of Its Early Settlers and Prominent Men; a Chapter on Noted Pioneers; Views of Its Finest Buildings and Various Historic and Interesting Localities — Such as the “Old Fort,” etc.; Miscellaneous Matter; Map of the County; Biographies and Histories of Pioneer Families, etc. (Newark, Ohio: A.A. Graham & Co., 1881), 499; digital images, Google Books (https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=_Xw8AAAAIAAJ&pg=GBS.PA499 : accessed 1 March 2021). Also at Internet Archive (https://archive.org/details/oh-licking-1881-graham/page/n509/ : accessed 24 March 2021), 499. ↩
5. Ulysses ‘Bud’ Bush, “War of 1812 Veterans,” Henry County Genealogical Services (http://hcgs.net/war1812.html : accessed 20 December 2016), Archive url. Bush gives no source information for his data. ↩
6. John Judge (Pvt., Capt. Dilley Ohio Militia, War of 1812), bounty land warrant application file 210899 (Act of 1855); Pension and Bounty Land Warrant Application Files, 1800–1960; Record Group 15: Records of the Department of Veterans Affairs; National Archives, Washington, D.C. PDF format in possession of Elizabeth Ballard. ↩
7. John Judge War of 1812 bounty land warrant application file 210899 (Act of 1855), RG 15, NA–Washington. ↩
8. John Judge War of 1812 bounty land warrant application file 210899 (Act of 1855), RG 15, NA–Washington. ↩
9. Adjutant General of Ohio, Roster of Ohio soldiers in the War of 1812 (Columbus, Ohio: Press of the Edward T. Miller Co., 1916), 134; digital images, Internet Archive (https://archive.org/details/rosterofohiosold01ohio/page/134/ : accessed 4 March 2021). ↩
10. Adjutant General of Ohio, Roster of Ohio soldiers in the War of 1812, 134. ↩
11. John Judge War of 1812 bounty land warrant application file 210899 (Act of 1855), RG 15, NA–Washington. ↩
12. Compiled service record, John Richter, Pvt., Capt. Andrew Dill’s Co. of Infantry, 1 Reg’t Ohio Volunteers, War of 1812; Record Group 94: Records of the Adjutant General’s Office, 1762 – 1984; National Archives, Washington, D.C. PDF format in possession of Elizabeth Ballard. ↩
13. “Ohio, County Marriages, 1789-2016,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:ZZ1Y-8CT2 : accessed 23 October 2022), John Reighter and Mary Drake, 25 June 1818; citing Licking, Ohio, United States, reference v1, p.73; county courthouses, Ohio; FHL microfilm 384300. ↩
14. Licking County Genealogical Society (sites.rootsweb.com/~ohlcgs2/ : accessed 1 March 2021), “F.A.Q.,” Archive url. “Most marriage records in Licking County were destroyed in the Courthouse fire of 1875. The surviving marriage records included 3 small books covering the period 1808-1829. Other marriage records before the fire were transcribed from the records of Ministers and individuals who brought in their records to reconstruct the materials between 1842-1879. The surviving and transcribed records were copied and published by the Licking County Genealogical Society as the Transcribed Marriage Book.” ↩
15. Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mill_race : accessed 1 March 2021), “Mill race,” rev. 23:07, 18 January 2021‎. ↩
16. Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pataskala,_Ohio : accessed 1 March 2021), “Pataskala, Ohio,” rev. 14:59, 25 January 2021‎. ↩
17. N.N. Hill Jr., History of Licking County, O., 499. Also at Internet Archive (archive.org : accessed 24 March 2021), 499. ↩
18. N.N. Hill Jr., History of Licking County, O., 500. Also at Internet Archive (archive.org : accessed 24 March 2021), 500. ↩
19. Map of Licking County, Ohio (New York: P. O’Beirne, and Wm. Boell, 1854); digital image, Library of Congress (https://lccn.loc.gov/2012591114 : accessed 16 April 2021). ↩
20. History of Henry County, Indiana : Together With Sketches of Its Cities, Villages, and Towns, Educational, Religious, Civil, Military, and Political History, Portraits of Prominent Persons, and Biographies of Representative Citizens; Also a Condensed History of Indiana, Embodying Accounts of Pre-historic Races, Aborigines, Winnebago and Black Hawk Wars, and a Brief Review of Its Civil and Political History (Chicago : Inter-State Publishing Co., 1884), 887; Internet Archive (https://archive.org/details/historyofhenryco00unse/page/n962/mode/1up : accessed 9 March 2021). The last line on this page says, of John and Mary (Drake) Judge, “They had a family of ten children….” ↩
21. There is autosomal DNA evidence that Matilda was the daughter of John and/or Mary. ↩
22. Weston A. Goodspeed and Charles Blanchard, Counties of Whitley and Noble, Indiana: Historical and Biographical (Chicago: F.A. Battey & Co., 1882), 293; digital images, Internet Archive (https://archive.org/details/countiesofwhitle00good/page/n296/ : accessed 3 March 2021). Birth date, state, death date, and death county of Matilda Judge. ↩
23. S.P. Kaler and R.H. Maring, History of Whitley County, Indiana ([Indianapolis, Ind.]: B.F. Bowen, 1907), 785; digital images, Internet Archive (https://archive.org/details/historyofwhitley00kale/page/785/ : accessed 24 March 2021). Birth county of Matilda Judge. ↩
24. “Ohio, County Marriages, 1789-2016,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XZJ4-CXT : accessed 8 January 2017), Thomas Keller and Matilda Judge, 16 April 1837; citing Knox, Ohio, United States, reference Item 1 Fr 2834; county courthouses, Ohio; FHL microfilm 2243649. ↩
25. Weston A. Goodspeed and Charles Blanchard, Counties of Whitley and Noble, Indiana: Historical and Biographical, 293. Birth date, state, death date, and death county of Matilda Judge. ↩
26. There is autosomal DNA evidence that Caroline was the daughter of John and/or Mary. ↩
27. History of Mills County, Iowa, containing a history of the county, its cities, towns, etc., a biographical directory of many of its leading citizens, war record of its volunteers in the late rebellion, general and local statistics, portraits of early settlers and prominent men, history of Iowa and The Northwest, map of Mills County, Constitution of the State of Iowa, reminiscences, miscellaneous, matters, etc. (Des Moines: State Historical Company, 1881), 651–652; digital images, Internet Archive (https://archive.org/details/historyofmillsco00iowa/page/651/ : accessed 15 March 2021). Short biography of James Hughes which includes his wife’s maiden name, birthdate, birth location: “Was married February 9, 1837, to Miss Carolina Judge, who was born January 31, 1819, in Licking county, Ohio.” Gives her first name as “Carolina.” ↩
28. “Ohio, County Marriages, 1789-2016,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:Z83D-S3ZM : accessed 15 March 2021), James Hughs and Carolina Judge, 9 February 1837; citing Knox, Ohio, United States, reference Item 1 Fr 2790; county courthouses, Ohio; FHL microfilm 2243649. ↩
29. Caroline Hughes obituary, Malvern (Iowa) Leader, 10 April 1884, p. 5, col. 5; image copy Malvern Advantage Preservation (http://malvern.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?fn=malvern_leader_usa_iowa_malvern_18840410_english_5 : accessed 14 March 2021). “Died. Hughes. – At her residence, in White Cloud township, Saturday, April 5th, Mrs Caroline Hughes, in the 65th year of her age….wife of James Hughes…settled [here] in 1852…mother of thirteen children, eleven…yet living.” ↩
30. There is autosomal DNA evidence that Sarah was the daughter of John and/or Mary. ↩
31. Find A Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/35817433/ : accessed 15 September 2016), memorial 35817433, Sarah Judge Wink (7 January 1821 – 12 November 1850), created and maintained by contributor 46940011, “susan clemons”; citing Pioneer Baptist Cemetery, Knightstown, Henry County, Indiana, USA. Although there is a photo of the stone, only the following text is readable: “Sarah wife of Lewis C died.” The rest of the stone is buried, and no information is given about the source of the dates on the record. ↩
32. “Indiana Marriages, 1811-2007,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XXFT-KQ9 : accessed 13 November 2017), Lewis Wink and Sarah Judge, 15 February 1844; citing Henry, Indiana, United States, various county clerk offices, Indiana; FHL microfilm 1887436. ↩
33. Find A Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/35817433/ : accessed 15 September 2016), memorial 35817433, Sarah Judge Wink (7 January 1821 – 12 November 1850), created and maintained by contributor 46940011, “susan clemons”; citing Pioneer Baptist Cemetery, Knightstown, Henry County, Indiana, USA. Although there is a photo of the stone, only the following text is readable: “Sarah wife of Lewis C died.” The rest of the stone is buried, and no information is given about the source of the dates on the record. ↩
34. “Indiana Marriages, 1811-2007,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XXNB-TK5 : accessed 1 April 2021), George Judge and Mary Jane Small, 27 June 1885; citing Henry, Indiana, United States, Marriage Registration, Indiana Commission on Public Records, Indianapolis; FHL microfilm 4171287. George Judge’s parents are given in this record image as John Judge and Polly Drake. ↩
35. Find A Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/20894944/ : accessed 15 September 2016), memorial 20894944, George W Judge (25 October 1822 – 20 December 1895), created and maintained by contributor 46531309, “Brenda Shanafelt”; citing Collier Cemetery, Markleville, Madison County, Indiana, USA; accompanying marker photo from contributor 46875999, “Colleen Sanders Broyles”, added 10 January 2013. Photograph, although a little fuzzy with some glare, is mostly clear, clean, and readable, and stone is modern. ↩
36. “Indiana Marriages, 1811-2007,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XXNB-TK5 : accessed 1 April 2021), George Judge and Mary Jane Small, 27 June 1885. George Judge’s birth location given as Ohio. ↩
37. “Indiana Marriages, 1811-2007,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XXFT-LXN : accessed 1 April 2021), George Judge and Catherine Koon, 30 September 1847; citing Henry, Indiana, United States, Marriage Registration, Indiana Commission on Public Records, Indianapolis; FHL microfilm 4171276. ↩
38. “Indiana Marriages, 1811-2007,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XXNB-TK5 : accessed 1 April 2021), George Judge and Mary Jane Small, 27 June 1885. ↩
39. Find A Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/20894944/ : accessed 15 September 2016), memorial 20894944, George W Judge (25 October 1822 – 20 December 1895), created and maintained by contributor 46531309, “Brenda Shanafelt”; citing Collier Cemetery, Markleville, Madison County, Indiana, USA; accompanying marker photo from contributor 46875999, “Colleen Sanders Broyles”, added 10 January 2013. Photograph, although a little fuzzy with some glare, is mostly clear, clean, and readable, and stone is modern. ↩
40. “Indiana Death Index, 1882-1920,” database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:VZ7X-WRV : accessed 14 March 2021), George Judge, 20 December 1895, Mechanicsmurg [Mechanicsburg], Indiana; from “Indiana Deaths, 1882-1920,” database, Ancestry.com, 2003; citing Henry County Health Office, New Castle, CSS-2:113. ↩
41. History of Henry County, Indiana : Together With Sketches of Its Cities, Villages, and Towns, 887. ↩
42. History of Henry County, Indiana : Together With Sketches of Its Cities, Villages, and Towns, 887. ↩
43. “Indiana Marriages, 1811-2007,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XXFT-LX2 : accessed 1 April 2021), John Judge and Sarah Ann Jones, 23 September 1847; citing Henry, Indiana, United States, Marriage Registration, Indiana Commission on Public Records, Indianapolis; FHL microfilm 4171276. ↩
44. “Indiana Marriages, 1811-2007,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XXNV-GVQ : accessed 1 April 2021), John Judge and Nancy Mutterspaw, 16 June 1864; citing Henry, Indiana, United States, Marriage Registration, Indiana Commission on Public Records, Indianapolis; FHL microfilm 4171278. ↩
45. “Indiana, Death Certificates, 1899-2011,” database with images, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/60716/images/45232_354334-00735/ : accessed 1 April 2021), certificate image, John Judge, 6 September 1901; imaged from State of Indiana, “Death Certificates 1901 Volume 37 [Henry County],” p. 213. Subscription required. ↩
46. “Indiana, Death Certificates, 1899-2011,” database with images, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/60716/images/44494_350187-00993/ : accessed 2 April 2021), certificate image, Phebe Vanduyne, 22 March 1922, no. 8481; imaged from State of Indiana, Death Certificates microfilm, 1922, roll 4. Subscription required; parents given as John Judge and Mary Drake. ↩
47. Find A Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/38543289/ : accessed 2 April 2021), memorial 38543289, Phebe Judge Van Duyn (18 September 1828 – 22 March 1922), created by contributor 46792405, “RWicks”, maintained by contributor 46997614, “andiema”; citing Harlan Cemetery, Hancock County, Indiana, USA; accompanying marker photo from contributor 46872277, “Carolyn Craig”, added 9 February 2013. Marker and its photo are very readable. ↩
48. “Indiana, Death Certificates, 1899-2011,” database with images, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/60716/images/44494_350187-00993/ : accessed 2 April 2021), certificate image, Phebe Vanduyne, 22 March 1922, no. 8481; imaged from State of Indiana, Death Certificates microfilm, 1922, roll 4. Subscription required; additionally, all U.S. Federal Census records of Phebe give her birth state as Ohio except 1920 where it is listed as North Carolina. ↩
49. “Indiana Marriages, 1811-2007,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XXFT-296 : accessed 2 April 2021), Isaac Vanduyn and Phebe Judg, 5 June 1845; citing Henry, Indiana, United States, Marriage Registration, Indiana Commission on Public Records, Indianapolis; FHL microfilm 4171276. ↩
50. “Indiana, Death Certificates, 1899-2011,” database with images, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/60716/images/44494_350187-00993/ : accessed 2 April 2021), certificate image, Phebe Vanduyne, 22 March 1922, no. 8481; imaged from State of Indiana, Death Certificates microfilm, 1922, roll 4. Subscription required. ↩
51. “Iowa, Death Records, 1904-1951,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QPFM-FZLY : accessed 2 April 2021), Eliza Gray, 16 December 1912, Farmington, Van Buren, Iowa, United States; citing certificate 89-00277, State Historical Society of Iowa, Des Moines; FamilySearch digital folder 102903002. Father is given as Henry Judge. Is this an additional name for John or a mistake made by the death certificate informant, Meriah Miller (aka, Mariah Gray, daughter of Eliza)? ↩
52. “Iowa, Death Records, 1904-1951,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QPFM-FZLY : accessed 2 April 2021), Eliza Gray, 16 December 1912, Farmington, Van Buren, Iowa, United States. ↩
53. “Missouri, U.S., Marriage Records, 1805-2002,” index and images, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/1171/images/vrmmo1833_c1718-0117 : accessed 2 April 2021), Isaac P Gray and Eliza Judge, 19 September 1850, Clark, Record Images for Clark, 1836 1872, p. 122; citing Missouri State Archives, Jefferson City, Missouri Marriage Records [Microfilm]. Subscription required. ↩
54. “Iowa, Death Records, 1904-1951,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QPFM-FZLY : accessed 2 April 2021), Eliza Gray, 16 December 1912, Farmington, Van Buren, Iowa, United States. ↩
55. “Indiana, Death Certificates, 1899-2011,” database with images, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/60716/images/44494_350110-00166/ : accessed 15 March 2021), certificate image, Marguret Collier, 4 November 1928, no. 34164; imaged from State of Indiana, “1928 Deaths Volume #69, November, Lake County–Marion County, 34000-34499.” Subscription required; parents given as John Judge and Mary Drake. ↩
56. “Indiana, Death Certificates, 1899-2011,” database with images, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/60716/images/44494_350110-00166/ : accessed 15 March 2021), certificate image, Marguret Collier, 4 November 1928, no. 34164. Subscription required; birthdate given as 5 September 1832 and location Ohio. ↩
57. “Indiana Marriages, 1811-2007,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XXFT-Y9X : accessed 2 April 2021), Philip Collier and Margaret Judge, 18 May 1854; citing Henry, Indiana, United States, Marriage Registration, Indiana Commission on Public Records, Indianapolis; FHL microfilm 4171277. ↩
58. “Indiana, Death Certificates, 1899-2011,” database with images, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/60716/images/44494_350110-00166/ : accessed 15 March 2021), certificate image, Marguret Collier, 4 November 1928, no. 34164. Subscription required. ↩
59. “Iowa, Death Records, 1904-1951,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:Q248-WFZX : accessed 2 April 2021), Henry Judge, 24 March 1925, Marshall, Iowa, United States; citing certificate #64502, State Historical Society of Iowa, Des Moines; FamilySearch digital folder 101784573. Parents John Judge and Mary Drake. ↩
60. “Iowa, Death Records, 1904-1951,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:Q248-WFZX : accessed 2 April 2021), Henry Judge, 24 March 1925, Marshall, Iowa, United States. Died at age 89 years, 9 months, 6 days, which calculates to a birthdate of 18 June 1935; birth location given as Ohio. ↩
61. “Iowa, Death Records, 1904-1951,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:Q248-GMJM : accessed 2 April 2021), Mary Magdalene Judge, 3 January 1931, Marshalltown, Marshall, Iowa, United States; citing certificate #648, State Historical Society of Iowa, Des Moines; FamilySearch digital folder 101797044. ↩
62. “Indiana Marriages, 1811-2007,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XXFT-BYQ : accessed 2 April 2021), Henry Judge and Mary Dunbar, 1 May 1856; citing Henry, Indiana, United States, Marriage Registration, Indiana Commission on Public Records, Indianapolis; FHL microfilm 4171277. ↩
63. “Iowa, Death Records, 1904-1951,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:Q248-WFZX : accessed 2 April 2021), Henry Judge, 24 March 1925, Marshall, Iowa, United States. ↩
64. “Montana, Teton County Records, 1881-2012,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QK62-P73Q : accessed 2 March 2021), Mary Dobson, 19 December 1921; citing Death, 19 December 1921, Teton County Clerk’s Office, Choteau; FHL microfilm 100219697. Father given as “J. Judge,” mother as “don’t know.” This is the most straightforward evidence, but combined with censuses and other information, including a family story from Micki, there is enough evidence to confirm that Mary was one of their children. ↩
65. a. “United States Census, 1850,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MZ4F-48B : accessed 14 March 2021), Mary Judge in household of Mary Judge, Lee, Iowa, United States; citing household 832, family 838, line 28, NARA microfilm publication M432, roll 186 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.). Age 12, born Ohio.
    b. “Iowa State Census, 1905,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:2S8V-HLV : accessed 14 March 2021), Mary Dobson; State Historical Department, Des Moines. Age 67, born Ohio.
    c. Find A Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/192741457/ : accessed 14 March 2021), memorial 192741457, Mary Judge Dobson (1838 – 19 December 1921), created and maintained by contributor 47892738, Elizabeth Wilson Ballard; citing Garwin Union Cemetery, Garwin, Tama County, Iowa, USA; two accompanying marker photos from contributor 46497261, “Roberta Kerr”, added 7 July 2020. Dobson stone reads “Mary 1838–1921”.
    d. “Montana, Teton County Records, 1881-2012,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QK62-P73Q : accessed 2 March 2021), Mary Dobson, 19 December 1921. Birth year 1837 and location Indiana.
    e. “United States Census, 1900,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M9L2-HZT : accessed 14 March 2021), Mary Dobson in household of Lorenzo R Dobson, Carlton Township Garwin town, Tama, Iowa, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) 130, sheet 4A, family 89, NARA microfilm publication T623 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1972.); FHL microfilm 1240460. Age 63, born February 1837 in Ohio.
    f. “Iowa State Census, 1915,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QK4Y-3KYW : accessed 14 March 2021), Mary Dobson, 1915; citing Tama, Iowa, United States, card no. 18, Iowa State Historical Department, Des Moines; FHL microfilm 1462833. Age 75, born Indiana. ↩
66. “Iowa, Death Records, 1904-1951,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QP8J-CJK1 : accessed 2 April 2021), Lorenzo Rigger Dow Dobson, 1 September 1919, Garwin, Tama, Iowa, United States; citing certificate #88-01888, State Historical Society of Iowa, Des Moines; FamilySearch digital folder 102902999. ↩
67. “Iowa, County Marriages, 1838-1934,” database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XJNW-C2N : accessed 10 January 2017), Lorenzo R. Dobson and Mary Judge, 29 Jun 1856, Tama, Iowa, United States; citing FHL microfilm 1022734. ↩
68. “Montana, Teton County Records, 1881-2012,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QK62-P73Q : accessed 2 March 2021), Mary Dobson, 19 December 1921. ↩
69. Licking County, Ohio, “Deed Record I Licking County,” 98–100, Richard Carnine and wife to John Judge, recorded 20 November 1822; digital images, Family Search (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKX-3XBV : accessed 24 April 2021), “Deed records, v. I–J 1822–1826,” FHL microfilm 476820, DGS 8150810, image 82 of 775. ↩
70. Licking County, Ohio, “Deed Record I Licking County,” 98–100, Richard Carnine and wife to John Judge, recorded 20 November 1822; digital images, Family Search (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKX-3XBV : accessed 24 April 2021), “Deed records, v. I–J 1822–1826,” FHL microfilm 476820, DGS 8150810, image 82 of 775. ↩
71. Find A Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/30479415/ : accessed 24 April 2021), memorial 30479415, Jacob Conine (1774 – 20 August 1824), created and maintained by contributor 46936896, “Tony Larson”; citing Pataskala Cemetery, Pataskala, Licking County, Ohio, USA; accompanying marker photo from contributor 47089671, “Nancy Ann Mull Buchanan”, added 5 December 2011. Photograph is clear, clean, and readable. ↩
72. Licking County, Ohio, “Deed Record N Licking County,” 421–422, John Judge from Sarah Conine, recorded 14 October 1829; digital images, Family Search (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKX-XSKV-7 : accessed 24 April 2021), “Deed records, v. N–O 1820–1831,” FHL microfilm 476823, DGS 8150813, image 227 of 612. ↩
73. Licking County, Ohio, “Deed Record I Licking County,” 485–486, Jacob Conine to John Judge, recorded 8 March 1824; digital images, Family Search (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKX-3XK9 : accessed 24 April 2021), “Deed records, v. I–J 1822–1826,” FHL microfilm 476820, DGS 8150810, image 277 of 775. ↩
74. Licking County, Ohio, “Deed Record J Licking County,” 41–42, John Judge and wife to Samuel D. Alward, recorded 3 November 1824; digital images, Family Search (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKX-3XFX : accessed 24 April 2021), “Deed records, v. I–J 1822–1826,” FHL microfilm 476820, DGS 8150810, image 442 of 775. ↩
75. Licking County, Ohio, “Deed Record J Licking County,” 129–130, John Judge to James Lockard, recorded 15 January 1825; digital images, Family Search (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKX-3XZJ : accessed 24 April 2021), “Deed records, v. I–J 1822–1826,” FHL microfilm 476820, DGS 8150810, image 485 of 775. ↩
76. Knox County, Ohio, “Knox County Deed Book E,” 676–677, Ezra H. Alward to John Judge, recorded 21 June 1824; digital images, Family Search (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSR6-TYJ5 : accessed 24 April 2021), “Deeds, v. D–E, 1817–1825,” FHL microfilm 314038, DGS 8302087, image 715 of 827. ↩
77. Knox County, Ohio, “Knox County Deed Book E,” 675–676, Samuel D. Alward and Martha Alward to John Judge, recorded 21 June 1824; digital images, Family Search (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSR6-TY23 : accessed 24 April 2021), “Deeds, v. D–E, 1817–1825,” FHL microfilm 314038, DGS 8302087, image 714 of 827. ↩
78. Knox County, Ohio, “Knox County Deed Book A–F,” 290–291, John Judge to Auther Fawcett, recorded 1 August 1825; digital images, Family Search (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSTC-GQS8-9 : accessed 24 April 2021), “Deeds, v. A–F, 1808–1827,” FHL microfilm 314036, DGS 8330687, image 176 of 376. This single roll appears to be for two “books,” “A” and “F”, which are nonetheless bound together (and indexed together) as a single volume. ↩
79. Knox County, Ohio, “Deed Book G,” 374–375, Benjamin Masters to John Judge, recorded 21 June 1828; Family Search (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS4V-TG3G : accessed 24 April 2021), “Deeds, v. G–H, 1827–1830,” FHL microfilm 314039, DGS 7897716, image 219 of 707. ↩
80. Knox County, Ohio, “Deed Book G,” 375–376, John Judge to Nicholas Simons, recorded 21 June 1828; Family Search (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS4V-TG3G : accessed 24 April 2021), “Deeds, v. G–H, 1827–1830,” FHL microfilm 314039, DGS 7897716, image 219 of 707. ↩
81. Knox County, Ohio, “Deed Book G,” 514–515, John Judge to John Mowry, mortgage, recorded 12 November 1828; Family Search (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS4V-TLVP : accessed 24 April 2021), “Deeds, v. G–H, 1827–1830,” FHL microfilm 314039, DGS 7897716, image 290 of 707. ↩
82. Knox County, Ohio, “Chancery Record 1828–34 B Knox County,” 591–592, John J. Brice vs. John Judge, recorded [n.d.]; digital images, Family Search (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS42-6SFS-D : accessed 24 April 2021), “Chancery records v. A–B 1810–1834,” FHL microfilm 1294292, DGS 7899374, image 612 of 621. ↩
83. Knox County, Ohio, “Deed Book H,” 152–153, John Judge to Arther Fossett, recorded 16 September 1829; Family Search (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS4V-TP5H : accessed 24 April 2021), “Deeds, v. G–H, 1827–1830,” FHL microfilm 314039, DGS 7897716, image 466 of 707. ↩
84. Licking County, Ohio, “Deed Record N Licking County,” 422–423, John Judge to John Drake, recorded [n.d.]; digital images, Family Search (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKX-XSKV-7 : accessed 24 April 2021), “Deed records, v. N–O 1820–1831,” FHL microfilm 476823, DGS 8150813, image 228 of 612. ↩
85. Micki Jacobson (E-ADDRESS FOR PRIVATE USE), to Elizabeth Ballard, e-mail, 8 September 2018, “religion of Judge family,” privately held by Elizabeth Ballard. ↩
86. “Iowa State Census, 1915,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QK4Y-3KYW : accessed 14 March 2021), Mary Dobson, 1915; citing Tama, Iowa, United States, card no. 18, Iowa State Historical Department, Des Moines; FHL microfilm 1462833. Religion United Brethren. ↩
87. “Iowa State Census, 1895,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:VT35-YDY : accessed 6 April 2021), Eliza Gray, Lee, Iowa, United States; citing p. 895, 1895, State Historical Society, Des Moines; FHL microfilm 1022072. ↩
88. “Iowa State Census, 1895,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:VTQS-Z58 : accessed 20 February 2021), James Hughes, Mills, Iowa, United States; citing p. 664, 1895, State Historical Society, Des Moines; FHL microfilm 1022083. Religion Universalist. ↩
89. “United States Census, 1820,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XHLQ-7B4 : accessed 2 April 2021), John Reaster, Harrison, Licking, Ohio, United States; citing p. 36A (penned in top right corner), line 11 (not labeled), NARA microfilm publication M33, (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.), roll 94; FHL microfilm 181400. ↩
90. “pearl hyles,” “Re: Original Spelling of Richter,” forum message, 8 December 1999 10:15:14, Ancestry.com Operations Inc., Genealogy.com (https://www.genealogy.com/forum/surnames/topics/richter/231/ : accessed 1 January 2018). The author of the forum message identifies herself as the granddaughter of a woman who pronounced the name Richter as “reester.” She does not identify who her grandmother was, nor if she was a Richter. ↩
91. Wiktionary, The Free Dictionary (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Richter#German : accessed 2 March 2021), “Richter,” rev. 05:06 UTC, 1 February 2021. ↩
92. FamilySearch Wiki (https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/United_States_Census,_1820_-_FamilySearch_Historical_Records : accessed 2 April 2021), “United States Census, 1820 – FamilySearch Historical Records,” rev. 01:22, 22 January 2021. ↩
93. “United States Census, 1820,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XHLQ-7B4 : accessed 2 April 2021), John Reaster, Harrison, Licking, Ohio, United States; citing p. 36A (penned in top right corner), line 11 (not labeled), NARA microfilm publication M33, (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.), roll 94; FHL microfilm 181400. ↩
94. “United States Census, 1830,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XHGK-ZSG : accessed 2 April 2021), John Judge, Milford, Knox, Ohio, United States; citing p. 246 (penned in top left corner, and stamped on top right corner of second image), line 15 (not labeled), NARA microfilm publication M19, (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.), roll 134; FHL microfilm 337945. ↩
95. History of Henry County, Indiana : Together With Sketches of Its Cities, Villages, and Towns, 887. ↩
96. “Ohio, County Marriages, 1789-2016,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:Z83D-S3ZM : accessed 15 March 2021), James Hughs and Carolina Judge, 9 February 1837; citing Knox, Ohio, United States, reference Item 1 Fr 2790; county courthouses, Ohio; FHL microfilm 2243649. ↩
97. History of Mills County, Iowa (Des Moines: State Historical Company, 1881), 651–652. ↩
98. “An Iowa Pioneer Dies in Nebraska – Mrs. Pleasant Silkett was first girl married in Mills County,” Malvern (Iowa) Leader, 31 March 1932, p. 5, col. 3; image copy clipping by “eevande” Newspapers.com (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/8693214/the-malvern-leader/?xid=637 : accessed 1 February 2017). “Mrs. Silkett was born in Henry County, Ind….” “Matilda Ann Hughes was born Nov. 16, 1836, the daughter of James and Caroline Hughes.” Note the discrepancy in the birth year from her gravestone which reads 1837. ↩
99. Find A Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/91887227/ : accessed 5 April 2021), memorial 91887227, Matilda Ann Hughes Silkett (16 November 1837 – 14 March 1932), created and maintained by contributor 47389024, “RobMinteer57”; citing Steele City Cemetery, Steele City, Jefferson County, Nebraska, USA; accompanying marker photo from contributor 46968234, “kjvaughn”, added 5 February 2017. ↩
100. “Ohio, County Marriages, 1789-2016,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XZJ4-CXT : accessed 8 January 2017), Thomas Keller and Matilda Judge, 16 April 1837; citing Knox, Ohio, United States, reference Item 1 Fr 2834; county courthouses, Ohio; FHL microfilm 2243649. ↩
101. “United States Census, 1850,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MZ4F-48B : accessed 14 March 2021), Mary Judge in household of Mary Judge, Lee, Iowa, United States; citing household 832, family 838, line 28, NARA microfilm publication M432, roll 186 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.). Age 12, born Ohio. ↩
102. Find A Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/192741457/ : accessed 14 March 2021), memorial 192741457, Mary Judge Dobson (1838 – 19 December 1921), created and maintained by contributor 47892738, Elizabeth Wilson Ballard; citing Garwin Union Cemetery, Garwin, Tama County, Iowa, USA; two accompanying marker photos from contributor 46497261, “Roberta Kerr”, added 7 July 2020. Dobson stone reads “Mary 1838–1921”. ↩
103. “United States Census, 1900,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M9L2-HZT : accessed 14 March 2021), Mary Dobson in household of Lorenzo R Dobson, Carlton Township Garwin town, Tama, Iowa, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) 130, sheet 4A, family 89, NARA microfilm publication T623 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1972.); FHL microfilm 1240460. Age 63, born February 1837 in Ohio. ↩
104. History of Henry County, Indiana : Together With Sketches of Its Cities, Villages, and Towns, 887. ↩
105. “About 1840 United States Federal Census,” Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/8057/ : accessed 7 April 2021). ↩
106. “United States Census, 1850,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MZ4F-48R : accessed 5 April 2021), Mary Judge, Lee, Iowa, United States; citing household 832, family 838, line 25, NARA microfilm publication M432, roll 186 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.). ↩
107. B.F. Bowen, Biographical Memoirs of Henry County, Indiana : to which is appended a comprehensive compendium of national biography–memoirs of eminent men and women in the United States, whose deeds of valor or works of merit have made their names imperishable (Logansport, Indiana: B. F. Bowen, 1902), 322; digital images, Google Books (https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=0m03AQAAMAAJ&pg=GBS.PA322 : accessed 5 April 2021). ↩
108. B.F. Bowen, Biographical Memoirs of Henry County, Indiana, 322. ↩
109. John Judge War of 1812 bounty land warrant application file 210899 (Act of 1855), RG 15, NA–Washington. ↩